Which technology allows a user to operate encrypted data without the need of decrypting it?

Homomorphic encryption is the technology that allows users to perform computations on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. This cryptographic method enables operations such as addition and multiplication directly on ciphertext, producing an encrypted result that, when decrypted, matches the outcome of the operations as if they had been performed on the plaintext data.

This capability is particularly useful in cloud computing environments, where sensitive data can be processed securely without exposing the actual data. It enhances privacy and security because the data remains encrypted during processing, minimizing the risk of leaks or unauthorized access.

The other options do not provide the same functionality as homomorphic encryption. Data anonymization involves altering data so that individuals cannot be easily identified but does not allow for meaningful operations on the data itself. Bit splitting and secret sharing made short focus on different approaches to distribute and manage pieces of information rather than allowing operations on encrypted data.