Which technique scrambles the content of data using a mathematical algorithm while keeping the structural arrangement intact?

Format-preserving encryption is the correct technique for scrambling the content of data while maintaining its structural arrangement. This method allows the encrypted data to retain its original format, such as length and character set. For instance, if the original data is a 16-digit credit card number, the encrypted output will also appear as a 16-digit sequence, ensuring compatibility with existing systems and applications that depend on specific data formats.

This capability is particularly useful in scenarios where systems expect a certain data type or structure, such as databases or application interfaces. By ensuring that the format is preserved, organizations can integrate encryption solutions without extensive changes to their infrastructure or processes.

Other methods mentioned have different functions unrelated to maintaining the structural integrity of data. Dynamic masking refers to obscuring sensitive data without altering the database, proxy-based encryption involves routing data through a proxy to secure its transmission, and tokenization replaces sensitive data with non-sensitive equivalents, which does not maintain the original data structure in the same manner.