Which standard provides a framework for application security by covering definitions, concepts, and processes?

The correct choice provides a framework specifically aimed at application security, detailing definitions, concepts, and processes that organizations can adopt to enhance the security of their applications. ISO/IEC 27034-1 is designed to integrate security into the application lifecycle and establishes guidelines that help in identifying relevant threats and mitigating risks associated with applications.

This standard allows organizations to ensure that security is not an afterthought but a fundamental component of the application development process. It addresses how security should be incorporated throughout various stages of application development and management, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of data as applications are deployed and operated.

In contrast, other standards like NIST SP 800-53 focus on a broader set of security controls for federal information systems rather than specifically addressing application security. COBIT is an IT governance framework that provides guidelines for managing and governing enterprise IT, while ISO/IEC 27001 primarily outlines an information security management system (ISMS) framework without a specific focus on application security.