Which result is achieved by removing all nonessential services and software of devices for secure configuration of hardware?

The concept being described is recognized as hardening, which refers to the process of securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability. This is achieved by removing unnecessary services and software, which helps to minimize the attack vectors that could potentially be exploited by malicious actors.

When nonessential services and software are removed, the complexity of the system is reduced, making it more manageable and inherently safer. This means there are fewer applications and services that could contain vulnerabilities or could be incorrectly configured, which is a significant aspect of maintaining security in both hardware and software environments. Hardening is a proactive measure that strengthens the security posture of devices in a network, ensuring that only intended functionality remains.

Other choices like maintenance, patching, and lockdown describe different aspects of security management. Maintenance involves routine checks and updates to ensure systems operate efficiently. Patching refers specifically to updating software to fix vulnerabilities or bugs. Lockdown typically refers to controlling access and restricting functionality to enhance security, but does not explicitly focus on the removal of services and software like hardening does. Thus, hardening is the most appropriate term for the action taken in the scenario described.