Which regulation is not necessarily directly related to privacy?

The regulation that is not necessarily directly related to privacy is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). This act was established primarily to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures. Its main focus is on financial practices and corporate governance, particularly in the context of preventing accounting fraud and ensuring transparency in financial reporting.

While SOX does have implications for data management and requires companies to maintain accurate financial records and controls, its primary aim is not protecting individual privacy or personal data. In contrast, the other regulations mentioned are directly linked to privacy concerns. For instance, HIPAA is designed to protect healthcare information, GLBA focuses on the privacy of financial information, and Safe Harbor was an initiative to ensure that personal data is handled according to privacy principles. Thus, SOX stands out as a regulation that primarily addresses issues related to corporate accountability rather than individual privacy rights.