Which process analyzes data for certain attributes to determine appropriate controls and policies?

The correct answer is classification. This process is critical in the context of data management and security, as it involves analyzing data to identify specific attributes such as sensitivity, importance, or compliance requirements. By classifying data, organizations can determine how to effectively protect it and apply the appropriate security controls and policies.

Classification plays a vital role in ensuring that data is handled according to its level of sensitivity and regulatory requirements. For instance, personally identifiable information (PII) might be classified as high sensitivity, thereby necessitating stringent access controls and encryption, while non-sensitive data could have more relaxed measures.

The other processes mentioned, such as monitoring and discovery, serve important roles in security and data management but do not focus directly on analyzing data attributes for the specific purpose of defining controls and policies. Monitoring typically refers to the ongoing observation of systems and networks for signs of security incidents or performance issues, while discovery is often associated with identifying which data assets exist within an organization. eDiscovery, on the other hand, relates primarily to the legal process of identifying, collecting, and producing electronically stored information for litigation purposes and is not a method for determining security controls based on data attributes.