Which of the following technologies does cloud computing use through a management interface?

Cloud computing relies on various technologies to provide efficient and scalable services through a management interface, and the correct answer encompasses all the given options.

Virtualization is fundamental to cloud computing as it allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical host. This technology enables providers to optimize their resources and allocate them dynamically based on demand, enhancing both flexibility and utilization rates.

Automation in cloud computing allows for the orchestration of tasks and processes without the need for manual intervention. This includes automated provisioning of resources, scaling operations, and managing deployments, which enhances operational efficiency and reduces human error.

Federated identity management is crucial for managing user identities and access across different domains in a cloud environment. It enables single sign-on capabilities and improves security by centralizing authentication, allowing users to access multiple services with one set of credentials.

Given that each of these technologies plays a pivotal role in the functioning and management of cloud services, the correct answer reflects the comprehensive nature of cloud computing, where all these technologies work together through management interfaces to provide robust, efficient, and secure services.