Which of the following methods is NOT effective in mitigating the harm from escalation of privilege?

Cryptographic sanitization tools primarily focus on securing data by encrypting it, ensuring that sensitive information remains confidential and resistant to unauthorized access. However, they do not directly address the issue of privilege escalation, which occurs when an attacker gains elevated access rights to a system, often by exploiting vulnerabilities.

Effective methods to mitigate the risks associated with privilege escalation involve access control and authentication techniques that limit what users can do based on their roles, employing automated analysis tools that help identify potential vulnerabilities, and conducting frequent log data analysis to detect unusual access patterns or behaviors. These practices work collectively to create a multifaceted security posture aimed at preventing unauthorized escalation of privileges. In contrast, cryptographic sanitization does not constitute an effective measure in this context, as it does not implement controls around user permissions and system access.