Which cloud data storage architecture allows sensitive data to be replaced with unique identification symbols that retain all the essential information without compromising its security?

The correct answer is tokenization. This cloud data storage architecture is specifically designed to protect sensitive data by replacing it with unique identification symbols or "tokens." These tokens retain essential information and can be used in data processing tasks without exposing the original sensitive data.

Tokenization works by substituting sensitive data, such as credit card numbers or personal identification information, with tokens that have no inherent value outside the specific context of the data management system. This means that even if tokens are intercepted or accessed, they cannot be used to retrieve the original data, as they are simply placeholders.

The security benefit of tokenization is particularly important in regulatory contexts where compliance with data protection laws is mandatory. Since the original data is stored securely and only accessible through a secure method, the risk of data breaches is significantly reduced.

In comparison to other concepts like randomization, obfuscation, and anonymization, tokenization provides a more robust and controllable method of securing sensitive information while allowing the data to remain useful for business processes.