What encompasses all legal matters involving the government and individuals or organizations that violate laws?

The correct answer is criminal law, as it specifically deals with behaviors that are considered harmful to society as a whole and are prosecuted by the government. Criminal law includes statutes that define offenses, such as theft, assault, and murder, alongside the corresponding penalties for such actions. It is enforced through the government prosecuting individuals or organizations that violate the laws, reflecting societal standards and ensuring public safety.

In contrast, civil law pertains to disputes between private parties, where one party may seek compensation or remedy for harm caused by the other, but it does not involve prosecution by the government. Regulatory law focuses on governing specific industries or areas, while constitutional law deals with the principles and structure of government and the rights of individuals as defined by the Constitution. These aspects highlight that criminal law uniquely encompasses the legal matters involving government prosecution in response to violations of laws.