What does the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2 aim to accomplish?

FIPS 140-2 is specifically designed to certify secure cryptographic modules used by U.S. government agencies and organizations that are working with sensitive but unclassified information. This standard outlines the requirements that cryptographic modules must meet to ensure their security and effectiveness in safeguarding information. Compliance with FIPS 140-2 is essential for entities that need to demonstrate that they use cryptography that meets federal standards, particularly in environments where data protection and security are paramount.

The standard addresses various aspects of cryptographic module design, implementation, and operation, ensuring that systems can adequately protect information through robust encryption methods. This includes criteria for both hardware and software systems that utilize cryptography.

In contrast, regulating cloud service pricing, establishing data backup standards, or promoting open source software do not fall under the scope of FIPS 140-2, as the standard is specifically focused on cryptographic security rather than these other topics.